Considerations of Individuality in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autis

Considerations of Individuality in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism There is no standard ‘type’ or ‘typical’ person with autism. Parents may hear more than one label applied to the same child: autistic-like, learning disabled with autistic tendencies, high functioning or low functioning autism. These labels don’t describe differences between children as much as they indicate differences between professionals’ training, vocabulary and exposure to autism (1) In my first web paper I considered Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and questioned whether its’ symptoms and underlying neurobiology should be considered a disorder, or rather simply a difference among humans’ nervous systems. In a further exploration of the idea of individuality within a diagnostically defined disorder, I have researched autism. By definition, autistic individuals present symptoms with varying degrees of severity. It is therefore considered a spectrum disorder, meaning that its’ â€Å"symptoms and characteristics can present themselves in a wide variety of combinations, from mild to severe (1).† A diagnosis of autism can result from any combination of its defined behaviors. In addition to this, there is a host of related disorders, in which some but not all symptoms of autism are present. These include Asperger Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, Rett Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDDNOS) (4)(2) . Because of its characteristic breadth, autism is a good example of the implications of being seen as an individual within a group possessing a defined disorder. Current professional opinion stresses the importance of accurately assessing differences in neurological deficits, even if they present similar autistic sympt... ...ninds.nih.gov/HEALTHINFO/DISORDER/AUTISM/autism.htm 3)paper by Dena Bodian from Neurobiology and Behavior 1998 http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro98/202s98-paper1/Bodian.htm%20l 4)Overview of Autism by Stephen Edelson, Ph. D., at the Center for the Study of Autism http://www.brainnet.org/autism.htm 5)Autism? What is it? http://users.planetc.com/new.html 6)Stereotypic (Self-stimulatory) Behavior by Stpehen M. Edelson http://www.autsim.org/stim.html 7)The Cerebellum and Autism by Stephen M. Edelson http://www.autism.org/cerebel.html 8)Genetics and Autism by Stephen M. Edelson http://www.autism.org/genetics.html 9)Autism and the Limbic System by Stephen M. Edelson http://www.autism.org/limbic.html Other Resources: 10)†The Child with Special Needs"by Stanley I. Greenspan and Serena Wieder. Massachusetts: Perseus Books, 1998. Considerations of Individuality in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autis Considerations of Individuality in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism There is no standard ‘type’ or ‘typical’ person with autism. Parents may hear more than one label applied to the same child: autistic-like, learning disabled with autistic tendencies, high functioning or low functioning autism. These labels don’t describe differences between children as much as they indicate differences between professionals’ training, vocabulary and exposure to autism (1) In my first web paper I considered Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and questioned whether its’ symptoms and underlying neurobiology should be considered a disorder, or rather simply a difference among humans’ nervous systems. In a further exploration of the idea of individuality within a diagnostically defined disorder, I have researched autism. By definition, autistic individuals present symptoms with varying degrees of severity. It is therefore considered a spectrum disorder, meaning that its’ â€Å"symptoms and characteristics can present themselves in a wide variety of combinations, from mild to severe (1).† A diagnosis of autism can result from any combination of its defined behaviors. In addition to this, there is a host of related disorders, in which some but not all symptoms of autism are present. These include Asperger Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, Rett Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDDNOS) (4)(2) . Because of its characteristic breadth, autism is a good example of the implications of being seen as an individual within a group possessing a defined disorder. Current professional opinion stresses the importance of accurately assessing differences in neurological deficits, even if they present similar autistic sympt... ...ninds.nih.gov/HEALTHINFO/DISORDER/AUTISM/autism.htm 3)paper by Dena Bodian from Neurobiology and Behavior 1998 http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro98/202s98-paper1/Bodian.htm%20l 4)Overview of Autism by Stephen Edelson, Ph. D., at the Center for the Study of Autism http://www.brainnet.org/autism.htm 5)Autism? What is it? http://users.planetc.com/new.html 6)Stereotypic (Self-stimulatory) Behavior by Stpehen M. Edelson http://www.autsim.org/stim.html 7)The Cerebellum and Autism by Stephen M. Edelson http://www.autism.org/cerebel.html 8)Genetics and Autism by Stephen M. Edelson http://www.autism.org/genetics.html 9)Autism and the Limbic System by Stephen M. Edelson http://www.autism.org/limbic.html Other Resources: 10)†The Child with Special Needs"by Stanley I. Greenspan and Serena Wieder. Massachusetts: Perseus Books, 1998.

Frank Norris’ work “Vandover and the Brute” Essay

The development of sexuality in Frank Norris’ work â€Å"Vandover and the Brute† is an interesting reflection of the Puritanical views that Americans have towards sexuality, promiscuity and the consequences thereof. The importance of this book is that it openly examined this value system in 1914, a time when Vandover’s behavior, even without the lycanthropy, was considered brutish and improper. Yet the American environment was in the midst of the first â€Å"sexual† revolution as many young women of the 1920s would don clothing that revealed their flesh and boyish haircuts for the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. Again in the 1960s, the next major era of women’s rights movements, sexuality would be tied to freedom and women would equate burning their bras and free love with freedom and independence. This book then is a look at how a young man might acquire the values of the community around him without ever being taught directly that sex is dirty and that women are somehow degraded when they participate in it. The interesting thing about Norris’ work, which was published after his death, is that Vandover managed to acquire these misguided notions of sexuality on his own. In the first chapter, the author points out that during his adolescent years Vandover’s only female contact was with the housekeeper with whom he was constantly at odds. In addition, because his father would not discuss sexuality with him, he was forced to turn to an Encyclopedia Britannica to answers his questions about women and sex. He was subjected to the crude jokes and unconscious sexual immaturity of boys going through puberty, but without a mother, governess or other strong feminine influence to teach him right from wrong. Indeed, if one assumes that the author was in fact trying to make a statement about society rather than just tell a story about a maladjusted young man in the late 19th century, it becomes clear from the very first chapters that one of Norris’ indictments is against Vandover’s father and his unwillingness to talk to his son about the facts of life. In dead, one of the underlying themes through the entire work is the idea that people only hint at their feelings and do not openly discuss the sexual nature of humanity even though it is a significant portion of their lives. One of the most interesting facets of this book is the discussion of Vandover’s first sexual encounter and his embarrassment and guilt over it. If the situation had perhaps been handled with some amount of discussion, it might have prevented the events that would later occur, including Vandover’s seduction of a â€Å"good girl†, her subsequent suicide, and his eventuality degradation to gambling and alcoholism. The author’s message that society needs to quit hiding its own nature and covering for the high class when they engage in reckless behavior is evident mid-book when Haight explains to Vandover that several of the young, classy women at a cotillion were drunk. Haight tells his friends that society should call a spade a spade and that when women of class drink too much they should be considered drunk as much as any man. This dual criticism of the means by which people receive a sexual education and the double-standards applied to men and women is perhaps the most interesting passage in the book. Another interesting idea that Norris sets forth through the theme of the book and the story itself is that Vandover’s sexuality and promisecuity are to blame for the turn of events for him, including the loss of his family fortune and his new role as a werewolf. Interestingly, rather than approaching the concept that Vandover’s situation might be a result of his addictive behavior including his sexually predatory nature, his alcoholism and his gambling addiction, the reader is left with the idea that the bad things which happen to him are consequences of his sexuality alone. Though Norris portrays Vandover throughout the novel as a weak-willed individual who is too lazy to work hard and get what he wants out of life, everything in his life is blamed on his sexuality and his desire for women of a certain type. The fact that Vandover does not settle down with a fine, upstanding woman, regardless of his feelings for her is seen as an affront to society as a whole. The most important messages about sexuality that are relayed via â€Å"Vandover and The Brute† are the concepts that sexuality exists as it does because people don’t talk about it and that there are consequences for sexual behavior. The first concept is perhaps the most intriguing because it still applies now, almost 100 years later. Though we do not have the same level of closed-mouth attitudes toward sex as Vandover encountered, it is not uncommon even in the modern day to find parents of high school students who do not want their children exposed to sex education for fear that the education will lead to promiscuity. Instead of teaching real information regarding the dangers, both physical and emotional, of beginning a sexual relationship at the wrong time, too many parents concentrate on the Puritanical approach to sex education, associating it with guilt and sin. Young people are not properly educated regarding the safety issues of sex and sexually transmitted diseases continue at epidemic levels when they could be prevented with adequate discussion of the topic. Ironically, as we approach the 100-year mark for the publication, Norris’ primary criticism of the teaching of sexuality still stands today.

Trumps China Policy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1256 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/05 Category Politics Essay Level High school Topics: Donald Trump Essay Did you like this example? The 2016 presidential election created a shockwave around the world. President elect Donald J. Trump creating new friends with other world powers and forming unhealthy relationships with the United States then allies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Trumps China Policy" essay for you Create order It was unclear at the time what would become in the years to follow. With the northern and southern borders of the United states being affected to across the Atlantic ocean. Donald Trump has imposed tariffs on China, Canada, Mexico, etc. Every country had their own form of retaliation but there has not been a positive solution to all the Trump tariffs. The United States has had tariffs introduced onto them due to these practices. This begs the question, how has the implications of all the tariffs to our trading partners affected the economy? The United States, under President Donald. J Trump, has introduced billions in tariffs to China, Canada, and Mexico and it has affected both the relationship and diplomacy between countries as well as the economies. It has been clear to many that Trump has an issue with China. He has publicly denounced China and believes the United States is being taken advantage of . With this idea in his mind, diplomacy has been removed from the table. In June 2018 Donald Trump issued the statement, China apparently has no intention of changing its unfair practices related to the acquisition of American intellectual property and technology, rather than altering those practices, it is now threatening United States companies, workers, and farmers who have done nothing wrong. The first rounds of tariffs trump issued on China came at the beginning of the 2018 year. The United States issues a twenty-five percent tariff on thirty four billion worth in Chinese Goods. With this action came retaliation from China with tariffs on American goods. China insisted The Trump administrations announcement of new measures was unacceptable. It warned that China would have to respond with necessary countermeasures without providi ng details (Horowitz). In the middle of September during the 2018 year, Trump announced a second round of tariffs on China. This second round sent a clear message of where Trump stands. Todays 10 per cent tariffs from the White House on a further $200bn of Chinese imports hitting handbags, rice and textiles, along with several thousand other items take the total value of trade affected by Trump to $250bn (Chu) . Donald Trump even made the threat of a third round of tariffs that would include also willing to place tariffs on items such as Apples iPhone and laptops imported from China (Bryan). There has been a lot of back and forth with China about the tariffs and it has hurt both economies. American businesses will feel the tarruf war directly. The effect on the businesses would come from increasing their operational costs and putting pressure on profit margins (Coppola). The tariffs will also cause The tax will raise headline CPI inflation (Coppola). Trumps tariff war has caused a lot of headache and destr uction of diplomacy between both the United States and China. As of now, there has not been a non problematic solution between the countries. Trump recently turned on longtime allies, identifying mexico as a threat on goods. Mexico will be affected billions of dollars on their exports to the United States. Mexico stated they will participate to fight with the United States, which is unexpected because Mexico depends on U.S for many resources. After the tariffs were said Ildefonso Guajardo declared, we always said that we were going to be ready to react. (ONeil) Mexico has created a plan and ready to fight back. Before Trump resistants, Mexican and American truckers were allowed to take goods straight from factories to final destination. Trump has now came up with an idea of building a wall to stop immigrants from crossing the border to the United States. When Mexico sends its people, theyre not sending their bestTheyre sending people that have lots of problems ¦ Theyre bringing drugs, crime, rapist ¦.(Manning) Trump does not want more problems for people that live in the United States nor does he want illegal immigrant s being dropped off here. This impacts the United States economy by stopping trade with Mexico until the wall is built and more laws, it has its pros and cons. The amount of jobs that will be impacted during this time is a lot including Mexican and American citizens. Mexico highly depends on the U.S. to buy their goods, therefore Mexico has agreed to pay for the wall. Although the number of immigrants has gone down, Trump wants it lower and more strict rules. Trump is trying to keep citizen in the U.S. safe from the immigrants, he believes that they play no good role in the U.S for the most part. Trump has also threaten Mexico that if they do not pay for the wall, he will tax 20% off goods to pay for the wall. Mexico says they have a plan to pay for the wall but also has a plan if war happens to start out. Trump wants peace with Mexico and more laws. The election of President Donald Trump has caused many issues in countries all around the world, but none more so than in Mexico, where the Trump administration has plans to not only stop illegal immigration into the United States from Mexico but also renegotiate the NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) to ensure that Mexico will stop, as Trump says, taking unfair advantage of the United States under NAFTA. While many people believe that the Trump administration has negatively affected the Mexican economy by changing the amount of trade between the two countries, the value of the peso is now trading at a higher rate than at any point since the beginning of the Trump Administration. Mexico and the United States are still doing negotiations over the NAFTA being updated, but both countries report that great steps are being taken in order to improve relations. Canada has a lot to be concerned about when it comes to Trumps presidency. The most disturbing for Canadas economy is change in U.S. trade policy. Recently president Trump has vowed to terminate the US from certain global trade deals such as NAFTA. The North American Free Trade Agreement is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trade bloc in North America. The trade relationship of the United States with Canada was the second largest in the world after China and the United States. While Canada should expect its trade relationship with the US to remain strong, Trumps presidency will create a few changes in the economy in Canada. Trump wants Canada to open its market to dairy products. Canada has made business for our dairy farmers in Wisconsin and other border states very difficult, Trump tweeted in April. The disputes threaten to end one of the U.S.s most important trading relationships. There are millions of canadian jobs that depend on their trade with America. Losing trade with the US due to Trumps vow will cost Canada 58,000 jobs and increase income inequality. Increasing income inequality may diminish education opportunities for the poorer, if they cannot afford the tuition fees. This may keep the level of human capital and the level of specialization lower than what would be optimal for economic growth. Trade is very important and very heavily relied on now-a-days. With president Trump looking to exempt the US from major trade agreements like NAFTA, it puts the US neighboring countries (members of the agreement) in a bad place.